Microwave remote sensing has proved advantages in earth observations and it has been widely adopted in detecting global environmental parameters such as the soil moisture, vegetation, ocean surface dynamic parameters, cryospheric parameters, etc., over the past several decades. For quantitative retrievals, random medium scattering theory is fundamental and of critical significance. This session focuses on latest developments and advances in random medium scattering theory, its pertinent applications in remote sensing, and the advances in microwave remote sensing techniques. The topics include, but are not limited to, advanced electromagnetic scattering theories in random media, efficient numerical methods, active/passive microwave remote sensing, signal of opportunity from GNSS, and advances in remote sensing of soil, ocean, snow, ice, vegetation, etc.